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    Article >> Roots Of Sindhi Civilization- It’s Glory & Greatness by G.T. Shahani

    Return of the Aryans has also many other gripping tales about Sind and Sindhis - their battles and romance, adventures and exploits, valor and sacrifice, art and culture, well before the dawn of recorded history. It shows clearly that the : BIRTH & beginning of Hinduism took place in Sind, along Sindhu river, prior to 8,000 BC.

    Sind was one of the major home-grounds and cradle-grounds of Aryans when they left India in 5000 BC, and returned back to their home-town and heritage of Sind.

    That Sind, along with Bharat Varsha in its entirety, is the most ancient civilization in the world - more ancient than China, Japan, Mesopotamia, Iran and Egypt.

    That Sind and Bharat Varsha, were there before Rome was built, and before Jerusalem, Carthage, Greece, Damascus and Istanbul were founded. When Europeans lived in caves, our people along Sindhu river had two-story houses of brick and stone, with drainage system, public parks, public baths, art-works, fountains and granaries. Along the banks of Sindhu, our Sindhi ancestors founded the ancient order of Sanatanah, well before 8,000 BC, and again, along the banks of Sindhu, from this root of Sanatanah sprang Sanatana Dharma, the ageless religion of the Hindus.

    It was a Sindhi - he was known as Sindhu Putra - who, 7,000 years ago, was acknowledged as MAHAPATI in GANGA region to indicate his spiritual supremacy over GANGAPATI. Sindhu Putra was also recognized as the PERIYAR (Supreme authority) in Dravidian regions. Everywhere else too, he was honored, with highest titles and respectful submission.

    The ancient name of Bharat Varsha was given to India to honor the memory of Bharat who was the 19th Karkarta (supreme chief) of the Hindu clan in Sind in 5000 BC, long after he retired as a hermit at the age of sixty.

    It was SINDHIS from SIND who discovered the routes to Ganga, Dravidian, Bangla, and other regions in 5,000 BC; and civilizations of all these regions, then, came under spiritual guidance of SIND, in a spirit of equality and mutual respect. All these regions joined together to form Bharat Varsha

    It was along Sindhu river, that the worldfs first written language or the script was evolved. They called it ‘the language that can be seen’. Sindhi is today written in the wrong way - in Arabic script. But it is Sanskritic. 72 percent of its words were Sanskritic - till 1947. Since 1947, its Sanskritic content is being eroded by inclusion of Urdu, Persian and Arabic words.

    It was a man from Sind who first uttered the auspicious ‘OM’ Mantra, and devised the salutation of NAMASTE, (to highlight ‘TAT TVAM ASI’ - THAT THOU ART - or to acknowledge that "there is God in you, and to Him and to you we salute

    Similarly, the ‘SWASTIKA’ seal & symbol was originated in Sind to spread the message of ‘Daya, Dana & Dharma’ (Later, after the Aryan migration to Europe, ‘SWASTIKA’ came to be adopted in Europe, initially for auspicious purposes, though in the modern era, in the Nazi period, it was used for inauspicious, corrupt practices and racial hatred

    Sind had profound influence on RIG VEDA, doctrines of KARMA; MOKSHA, AHIMSA & DHARMA; and also on the pre-ancient roots and lofty ideals of Sanatana Dharma.Rig Veda, the first and foremost of our Vedas (and the worldfs most ancient literature), hardly mentions Ganga and Yamuna rivers. Only one late hymn mentions Ganga. For Rig Vedic poets, the river par excellence was Sindhu, mentioned repeatedly, respectfully and glowingly, in Rig-Veda. (This, as ‘Return of the Aryans’ explains, is said not in arrogance, for Sindhis worship Ganga, but the fact is that the earliest songs of Hindus were naturally about their home-ground which began with the Sind region, as the birth-place of Hinduism.

    Clearly, it has to be noted that ‘Return of the Aryans’ is not exclusively devoted to the glory and greatness of Sind. It also presents the story of India as a whole, and of the birth and beginnings of Hinduism. It speaks glowingly, lovingly of the Ganga, Dravidian and other civilizations of India as well - and shows that they too had much to teach, as also to learn from the people of Sindhu in regard to the marvels of irrigation, engineering skill, broad streets, well-built houses, elegant temples, chariots, drainage systems, granaries, boats, gardens, baths and fountains and more so, in the field of art, culture and aesthetics.

    With the Partition in 1947 Sindhis have had to leave their home and have spread themselves out in every part of the world. And they still continue to be refugees. When, due to the partition of India, the Sindhis were dispossessed of their lands and properties, they did not give into despair. Leaving their properties and possessions in Sindh, they migrated to India, bringing with themselves their enterprising sprit, their faith in God and their many qualities of head and heart. In Sindh, there was never a Sindhu beggar. When they come to India, they resolved that they would starve rather than beg. Though they are refugees driven away from their home they are again with their own Aryans who had spread out in parts of the country. The Sindhis are peaceful, hardworking, hospitable, open-minded community. They have build up the image of Indians abroad as a prosperous and dependable people. They are free from inhibitions of caste and creed .The Sindhis are an enterprising and industrious people - full of the spirit of faith and courage. The brother Aryans kept the banner of Sindh alive by including their identity in the National Song and recognizing as a positive community whose future lies in recovering the land of their birth and supporting the country as they did in the battle of Hastinapur.


    A summary of the history Of Sindh until 1947

    BC 6000 : Indus Valley - Neolithic settlements.
    BC 5000: Farming, pottery and beads developed.
    BC 4000: Potterfs wheel and bow drill invented.
    BC 3500: Growth of pottery.
    BC 3000: Amri civilization and its ruins.
    BC 3100-850: Sindhi language evolved over a period of 2400 years.
    BC 2500: Kani Kot ruins - civilization .
    BC 2300: Mohen-jo-daro civilization .
    BC 1500: Sehwan (Sivistan) was important center of Shiva cult.
    BC 810: Egyptian Emperor Sume Rames attacked Sindh.
    BC 566-490: Huns ruled Sindh.
    BC 519: Sindh annexed to Persian Achaemenian Empire ruled by King Darius for about 125 years.
    BC 326-325 : Alexander the "Great" stormed through the Indus Valley, met resistance in Sindh and was injured in Multan.
    BC 313 : Buddhism was popularised in Sindh during emperor Ashokafs period.
    AD 280-500 : Persian rule.
    AD 550-711: i) Rai Sahiras and his son Rai Sahasi ruled Sindh and formed Rai Dynasty. (ii) Chach succeeded the Rai and founded Brahman Dynasty. (iii) Raja Dahar (Chachfs son) took over from Chander (Chachfs brother). Raja Dahar ruled Sindh for several years until the invasion of Arabs, when he was martyred.
    AD 711-1026 : Sindh was invaded by a 17-year old Arab General, Muhammad Bin Qasim, establishing the Arab rule for next 305 years.
    AD 1026-1350 : Soomro Dynasty ruled Sindh for 300 years.
    AD 1054: Soomras faced ruinous invasion by Mahmood Ghaznavi and Allauddin Khilji.
    AD 1351 : The rise of the Samma Dynasty in Sindh. "Jams of Lasbella or currently known as the Alianis".
    AD 1521-1554: Arghun Rule was established in Sindh by Shah Beg. He was a descendant of Changez Khan.
    AD 1554-1591: General Mirza Isa Beg found Tarkhan Dynasty in Sindh (Turks in origin) after the death of Shah Hassan Arghun.
    AD 1555 : Portuguese sacked Thatta, a bustling metropolis of Sindh.
    AD 1591-1700: Shanshah Akbar, the Ruler of Hindustan, annexed Sindh, and ruled Sindh by appointing his governors. (40 Governors were appointed during the 81 years of rule.).
    AD 1701-1782: Kalhoras ruled Sindh for 85 years. Twelve Kalhora rulers ruled during this time. This period is known as the golden period of Sindhi literature. Poets like Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, Sachal Sarmast, and Sami are among the prominent poets of Sindh.
    AD 1782-1843: Talpurs ruled Sindh for 61 years. The country was divided into three states - Hyderabad State, Khairpur State and the State of Mirpur Khas.
    AD 1843: Talpur rulers of Sindh and Baluchistan were defeated by the British under Sir Charles Napier.
    AD 1847 : Sindh was made part of Bombay Presidency by the British.
    AD 1851: Sindhi language was declared official language of Sindh.
    AD 1853: Final and refined version of Sindhi script was adopted by the British throughout Sindh and Bombay, which still exist in Sindh today.
    AD 1908: Barrister Ghulam M. Bhurgri and Harchandrai Vishindas demanded independence of Sindh from Bombay.
    AD 1936: Sindh regained independence from Bombay Presidency.
    AD 1947: India achieved independence from British rule after a long struggle and great sacrifices. Sindh became part of newly created Islamic State of Pakistan. Riots and violence erupted in Sindh. A massive exodus of Hindu Sindhis resulted. More than 1.1 million Sindhis migrated to India.


    Sindh was ruled by the following dynasties after the Arab invasion:
    The Sumra Dynasty (750 [1026?] - 1350 A.D.)
    The Samma Dynasty (1351 - 1521 A.D.)
    The Arghun Dynasty (1521 - 1554 A.D.)
    The Turkhan Dynasty (1555 - 1608 A.D.)
    The Moghul Dynasty (1608 - 1701 A.D.)
    The Kalhora Dynasty (1701 - 1783 A.D.)
    The Talpur Dynasty (1783 - 1843 A.D.)
    The British Rule (1843 - 1947 A.D.)
    The Pakistani Rule (1947 A.D. -?)


    ref: RESEARCH & REFERENCE CENTER (Historical Division)
          President: G.T. Shahani
          A-18, Mayfair Gardens, New Delhi-110016.



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